Apparatus for forming toothed elements



J ly 2, 1940- H. BARTER ET AL 2 APPARATUS FOR FORMING TOOTHED ELEMENTS Filed Oct. 11, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 July 2, 1940. H. L. BARTER El AL 2206,4413

APPARATUS FOR FORMING TOOTHED ELEMENTS Filed 001:. 11, 1935' 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 ,2 5 we j// /d 07 Wi i: //W

y 2. 1940. H. L. BARTER ET AL 2 206,443

APPARATUS FOR FORMING TOOTHED ELEMENTS Filed on. 11, 1935 4 Sheets-Shee t a SHOW y 2, 1940; H. 1.. BARTER ET AL 3 APPARATUS FOR FORMING TOO'IHED ELEMENTS Filed Oct. 11, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented July 2, 1940 (UN T D.

Para oFFicE "ArrAnArUs Fon FORMING TOOTHED EtEMENTs Harry'L. Barterand-J ohnfihristmanpbetroit,

Mich... assignors to Packard'Motor Car Com- .pany, Detroit, Mich, a corporation of Michigan Appfica'tion ()ctober 11, 1935, Serial No.44,629'

"teeth in a blank and chamfer-the edges of gear teeth or remove the burrs at the intersection of the working surfaces of the teeth with the end faces thereof and at the outer, ends of the teeth.

"The invention also contemplatesthe provision of a new and improved method of forming and oharnfering gear teeth.

The chamfering of gears, commonly'done by hand bymeans of a file, not only serves to prevent the breaking off during use of the gears of small particles-of metal, which is obviously highly ob- .jectionablein the eventthegears' are used in an automobile'transmission or otherclosed lubricated housing, but in the case of gears which are axially shiftable into and out of mesh, such as starter gears or gears employed in change speed transmissions, the meshing of the gears is facilitated by the provision of cooperating chamfered or beveled edges; 1

It has been heretofore proposed to provide machines for effecting the chamfering of gears to replace the hand chamfering commonly employed,

but these machines rely for the most part on a #cutting operation which is difficult to execute with accuracy and which is likely to leave burrs or rough edges on the teeth which are equally as objectionable as the original burrs on the freshly cut-gear teeth. It is proposed as a part of the present invention to eliminate these difficulties and to efiect chamfering ofthe teeth by deformation of each tooth by the application of pressure thereto before the gear is hardened. If desired, the material displaced as the result of such deformation may be removed by grinding or cutting. but under some circumstances this step may be eliminated.

In a more specific aspect thereof, the invention contemplates the rolling ofan unhardened gear to be chamfered with a hardened toothed element, the latter having the end portions of the teeth thereof deformed, whereby corresponding deformation of the end portions of the teeth of the unhardened gear may be effected to provide the desired chamfer. Apparatus for carrying out this method preferably includes cutting means disposed adjacent the chamfered ends of the teeth for removing excess metal as it is displaced from the body of the tooth.

A gear chamfering machine of this general character is disposed in the application of John M. Christman, Serial No. 15,652, filed April 10, 1935; and the present application contemplates improvements to the Christman machine and the coordination of the operations performed by' a machineof this characmr with the operations performed by apparatus for forming or cutting gear teeth in a blank.

Thus it'is proposed by the present invention to render the chamfering and burr removing operation partly or Wholly automatic, the machine for effecting the chamfering being controlled by the tooth forming or cutting apparatus. In the preferred form of the present invention a gear hobbing machine of more or less conventional design is employed, the hob being fed into the gear blank to form the teeth thereon, and the chamfering machine is responsive to the feedingmovement of the hob, whereby the chamfering operation is definitely timed and requires no attention on the part of the operatoro-nce the machine has been adjusted to performthe necessary operations. It is thus possible to initiate and to'termi'nate the chamfering and burr removing operation at predetermined instants so as to eliminate the human factor and thereby to produce gears of increased uniformity. Furthermore, the timing of the gear chamfering machine may be such that the chamfering operation will'overlap'to some extent the tooth cutting operation so that the total amount of time required for the production of a gear is reduced. Such overlapping of these operations would obviously be difiicult to effect if the operator were relied upon to determine the precise instant at which the chamfering operation should begin.

Further objects and features of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of a complete forming and finishing machine constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of a train of gearing which may be employed to drive the component parts of themachine shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a side elevation of the apparatus for effecting chamfering and burring of the gears;

Figure 4 is a front elevation, partly in section,

of the apparatus shown in Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 5-5 of Figure 3; Figure 6 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 65 of Figure 4;

Figure '7 is a section on the line l--'! of Figure 4;

Figure 8'is a section on the line 8-8 of Figure 3;

Figure 9 is a sectional view on the line 9-4 of Figure 4;

Figure 10 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line lll--lll of Figure 9;

Figure 11 is a section on the line I L-I l of Figure 9;

Figure 12 is a perspective view illustrating the manner in which the chamfering element and unhardened gear cooperate;

Figure 13 is a sectional view through the intermeshing teeth of the element and gear of Figure 12;

Figure 14 is a perspective view corresponding to Figure 12 and illustrating a slightly modified form of the invention;

Figure 15 is a fragmentary view in end elevation of the chamfering element shown in Figure 14;

Figure 16 is a sectional view corresponding to that shown in Figure 13 but illustrating the mode of cooperation of the modified form of chamfering element and unhardened gear shown in Figure 14; and

Figure 17 is a sectional view through the axis of the chamfering element shown in Figure 14.

For convenience in describing the invention,

reference is made to the several embodiments thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings and specific language is employed. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, but

that various further modifications and alterations are contemplated such as would occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.

Referring first to Figure 1 of the drawings which discloses the principal elements of the gear forming and chamfering machine, it will be observed that the bed of the machine, indicated generally at 20, is supported on a base 2| and .is provided with a head stock 23 and a tail stock 24, the latter being carried on an upper support or over-arm 25 for displacement toward and from the head stock by means of a link 22 and crank handle 30, the tail stock being locked in position by manipulation of a lever 26. A work holder or chuck 21 associated with the head stock 23 and rotated by a shaft 28 cooperates with a spindle 29 of the tail stock to support a gear blank for rotation on the axis thereof. The completed 'a cutting tool such as a hob 40, suitable means being provided for rotating the hob, the tool support and the carriage 35 being provided with cooperating guide means 4| whereby the hob may be properly positioned initially on the-carriage.

The hobbing operation may be performed in the conventional manner by displacement of the carriage 35 on the bed 20 from right to left as viewed in Figure 1 whereby the hob 48 may be fed into and may traverse the portion of the gear blank on which the gear 33 is to be formed, the blank being rotated in timed relation to the reciprocating movement of the carriage and hob and the rotational speed of the hob. The details of the construction thus far described form no part of the present invention except as they may enter into combination with other elements of the machine which are hereinafter more specifically referred to.

The apparatus for finishing the gear teeth by chamfering the ends thereof and removing burrs therefrom is illustrated in Figure 3 as carried by the over-arm 25 of the machine, for instance by means of asupporting bracket 43 having an arm 45 which is bolted as at 44 to the overarm. While the supporting structure for the various moving parts of the chamfering apparatus may comprise separate elements, in the preferred form of the invention this support is afforded by the bracket 43. Thus this bracket may be providedat its upper end with a flanged .wardly projecting portion 5| which-is recessed as at 52 to form rectilinear guides which receive a reciprocating member 53, the cooperating guide portions 54 of the reciprocating member being retained in position by means of guide plates 55 which-are secured to the guide portion 5|. of-the bracket 43 as indicated at 56. At-its upper end the member 53 is secured to a piston. rod 58,'for instance by means of a threaded element 59. the piston rod extending into the lower endof .the cylinder 48, and being connected therein .to

a piston 6| which may reciprocate in the cylinder in the conventional manner. At its lower end the member 53 is formed to provide one arm .63, of

a tool support yoke, theother arm 64 of the yoke being secured to the member 53 by means of a bolt 65 extending therethrough.

The yoke arms 63 and 64 are apertured as indicated at 6'! toreceive a .stud 69, the. stud 69 having a generally cylindrical portion Hi which is adapted to receive achamfering tool I! which may be shrunk in position on the stud, the tool H engaging at one side an annular flange 13 formed on the stud, and at the other side the flange portion 14 of a collar 15 which is received on the stud and, retainedin position therein by means of a nut 18 threaded on the end portion I9 of the stud. The stud 69 is further provided adjacent the opposite end thereof with an enlarged cylindricalfportion 80, and the portion of the stud and the collar 15 are mounted'for free rotation in the aligned aperturesfi! of the arms63 and 54, bushings 82 being preferably employed. a

The tool H may be formed in one piece but is preferably constructed to afford a hub portion on the opposite ends of which are shrunk the hardened annular elements 85. The peripheral portions of the elements 85 are formed with teeth 88 which are constructed for meshing engagement with the teeth of the gear 33 which is being formed and finished. The teeth 86 are preferably deformed to provide generally radial protuberances 81, as illustrated more particularly in Figures 12 and 13,

so as to apply pressure to the opposed portions of the working faces of the teeth of the relatively soft gear 33 to deform the latter when the gear and tool are rolled together in meshing relation. The teeth of the gear 33 are thereby deformed so that the edge or arris formed by the intersection of the working faces and the ends of the gear .etethfisiiiriorecdr: less frlatt'ened. these gear :tcroth-e'ndsf' are in; eifect :ohaniiered',:the :inaterial :ofwhiclithe'gear teeth are formed being displaced laterally ori swaged over with' t-he resultant form'ation" of proiec io'ns $5 at the ends of the gear :teethfii .w v

The"protuberances 3T on 'the teeth of the tool :H are preferablyformedby curving the working faces f, the tool teeth;- wherebv' the" and edges or, the 'opposed teeth oi'itheig'ear' 33ers rounded. Nevertheless the-"operation: on the gear 1 teeth. is .essntiallynne' of:flattening the end edges; it iheingiappreeiated j that his rounded" contour of the ends? of :theigearf-teeth upon i'completion -toi :theioperation is suhstanti'ally.i flatter than is the :initiakharply angled'edge .or arris formed by the crittingiof dzhe teethiiir the blank Obviously the iprotubeltancesz 8i may be jot-1' difie'rent. shape from thatxshownin the. drawings, the relativelysoft teeth otthefgear est-e111; svzagod' .to: the correspondingshape' when'fthe gear and tool; arerolled ;togetl 1er. ..'i.; :7 3. 1.1.: i .51.:Th "hub portion of'fithetool: 511" is illustrated .asl-:providediwithnn annular flange 98 disposed .intermediate the annular toothed elements .35. .-:and;.theperipheraliportion..ofjthis.flange may be roughened orknurled; the flangebelng of surficient diameter to engage the central portions of the outer ends or the teeth whenthe tool is rolled .withwthe. gear 3.3,. It will be observed that by reason, of thedifi'erence betweenvthe diameter of the knurled portion and theeffective diameters of the annular toothed elements 5 as determined by thetpltch circles thereof, the knurled portion of the toolwill haveless linear speeii than the ut e ds the te thof; t ses: as with which .it-ensaeesan t u a s u b n o rinding ac.- tionwill result-to eiiect removal from the outer ends-of the gear teeth ofany rough edges or burrs which maybe formed y the action of the hob 49. The removal of these burrs, bothon the outer ends and on the end, edges of the teeth is extremely important, it being essential, parvticularly in the-' processing of gears for use in closed lubrication systems such as are employed in the change speed gearing of automobiles, that the breaking oil" of, fragments, of the teeth and .t he w earing away of any burrs formed during mongrel avoided. It will also be'ohserved that the knurled T portion of the tool by engagement fwi'ththe ends of the gear teeth limits the movemerit into'the gear orthe tool and thereby the extent 'to which the annular toothed. elements e5 act in chamfering the gear teeth.

. Under. some circumstances it may he desired tc-provide.chamferinc teeth Ed at one side only or theft-col H. and in the out gear having t isted orhelical teeth be 1 ornied and fin- .i'shed. the teeth. 85% will ordinar ly be arranged sons. to efiect vchi-rmferina of edges of theteeth. which more clout-eh angled since such edges are more likely to. e' ormed with an initial burr. by the cutting of t. eth and are much more subject to fracture. operat on than are the obtuse a gled edges. 7

In a swaging or oh. faring operation .uch as thatv hereinlbefore described. it is freour 5, desirable to remove the material'disnleccd laterally of the teeth and forming the projections 89, particularly since these projections constitute burrs infth mselveswhich likelv to chip off and act as an abrasive. resulting in excessive Wear of the cooperating working surfaces of the teeth in an assembled gear train. This excess metal is preferably rernoved by cutting operation, and for this. purpose .theyoke arms t5 and: er mayihe provided with downwardly extending projections .32 which may be formed separate'1y from. the yoke arms and secured thereto by weldingsgEac-h of the projections 92 is slotted as indicated-at to receive a cutting tool 85, these cuttingtools being adjustable toward or away from each other within the re'spectiverecesses lid and being retained in position by..n1eans of set screws S5 or the. like. As shown more narticularly in Fl ure 5 of the drawings, the woi'lcing'ends of the tools are arranged tosiinultaneously engage the opposite ends of each tooth of theigear $3 astthe latter rotates-one of the cutting tools being preferably disposed at a'slightly lower point than the other tool in the event the teeth of the gear 33 are helical or twisted,. endwise pressure on the gear being thus balanced by the sim'ulta neously applied and oppositely directed pressure exerted bvthe cutting tools on the opposite ends of each gear tooth.

As hereinbefore stated, the movement into and out of operative position of theJchamE'ering tool H and the curring or cutting tools 95 is preferably controlled automatically and in rs.-

spouse to relative movement of the supp'o'rt for the gearblank and the support for the hobbing or forming tool. Thus the member 53 is reciprocable in the guide recess of the bracket 43 together with the. finishing tools from the loweroperative position in which the tools are shown in Figure 3 to an upper position in which to the feeding movement of the hob Mi. Thus a valve such as shoWnm-ore particularly in Fig ure 6 be provided. this valve comprising a casing Mil which is provided with flange Hid for attachment by means of threaded elements 05 to the bracket 43. A movable valve clement M5, which may be generally cylindrical in transverse section, is supported for reciprocation in a bore H18 of similar contour formed in the valve cas ing Hill. The conduits and Q9 communicate respectively with the valve bore through ports Ill} and l l! and a conduit 8 it supplies under pressure to the bore throu zh' ports H5 and vi 1%, a transverse passage H8 affording communica tion between the latter ports, vThe movable els merit lfiii of the valve is provided with generally cylindrical. portions H9, i293, and iii which have a sliding fit within the bore Silt! of the valve casing we. the element 'iild heinc'prcvidcd'in- -GIITIGIiiQEtGHAQS -I cylindrical portions with re duced portions V24 and At one end the valve element M36 is provided with an annular flange- 121 of generally cylindrical contourwhich slides, within a similarly shaped recess 528 at the inner end of the valve casing ms, a coil spring flail being interposed under compression between the valve. element Hit? the bracket d3 to normally urge the valve element toward the rightas. shown in Figure 6. the f ange it? of the Valve elementlizniting movement of the latter in either direction. its opposite end the valve element 35 is pivotally connected as indicated at E32, {or instance by means of a pin and slot connection, with a lever Hi l, the lever ls lbeing in turn pivoted as indicated at I35 from a boss 138 formed on the bracket 53.

between a pair of lugs I31: extending, laterally At its lower end the lever I34 is provided with a toe portion I39 which is positioned forengagement by the toe portion I4! of a pawl F40. The bracket 43 is provided with a laterally'extending projection I43 which is constructed to provide a guide recess I45 in which is slidably received a member I41. A member I50 having a depending tail I52 is adjust-ably secured'to the member I41 by means of a bolt I5I. Thus the bolt I5I may pass through an elongated slot I53 in the member I50 and through one of a plurality of apertures I55 in and spaced longitudinally of the member I41, whereby after the selection of a particular aperture 155 and the location of the .bolt I5I in a'selected portion of the slot E53, the bolt may be threaded firmly in position to determine the extent to which the member iiiil will project to the right as viewed in Figures 4 and 11 beyond the member 541.

A pin I58 is secured in the member I i'l, ex= tends through an opening !58 in the pawlli'lfi and through an elongated slot 56! in the projection I43 .of the bracket 43 into a generally cylindrical recess I 63 in the projection I43, the pawl I40 being thereby pivotally supported on the pin I58 for swinging movement in a generally vertical plane. The free end of the pin I58 abuts a coil spring IE4 which lies within the recess Iii3and engages at its opposite end with a plug I66 threaded in the outer end of the recess. It will be apparent that the spring I64 tends to urge the pawl I40 and the members I41 andl50 toward the left as viewed in Figures 4 and '7. The pawl I40 is disposed within a recess I69 in the bracket projection I 43, this recess being of sufficient depth to permit the toe 14E of the pawl to swing downwardly from the position in which it is shown in Figure 4 about the pivot pin I58. A flat spring I68 is secured to the lower side of the pawl I40 and engages at its lower end with the base of the recess I63, whereby the pawl I40 is normally retained in the upper position in which it is shown in Figure 4. A bolt I is adjustably threaded into the boss i30 of the bracket projection I43 and is secured. in position by means of a lock nut IN, the bolt I10 havinga rounded lower end which is arranged to engage with the upper side of the pawl I 40, the upper side of the pawl being preferably inclined adjacent its outer end as indicated at I13. An abutment I15 is bolted or other-,- wise secured to a housing I16 which encloses a part of the driving mechanism for rotating the hob40 andfwhich moves with the tool support as the hob is fed into the gear 33.

The operation of the mechanism just described is substantially as follows. During the feeding of the hob into and across the gear blank to form the gear 33, and preferably immediately before the cutting of the teeth of the gear is completed, the abutment I15 engages the tail I52 on the member I50 and displaces the latter to the right as viewed in Figures 4 and 7, carrying the pawl I 40 to the right and swinging the lever I34 about its point of pivotal support I35 to displace the valve element I06 to the left as viewed in Figures 4 and 6. In the position in which the valve is shown in Figure 4, displacement of the valve element I06 against the action of the spring I30 has not been initiated, and the air supply conduit I I3 is in communication with the conduit 99 through the ports H6 and III, air flowing 'ireely around l'the reduced portion. r I :'-.the

I20 of the valve element. The piston 3| thereifore occupies its upper position by reason oi. the

admission of air under pressure to the lower'end of the cylinder 49, and the chamfering and cutting mechanism connected with the piston rod 53 is disengaged from the gear 33. As the hob, 40, the tool support therefor, and the carriage 35 continue their movement,.the valve element I06 is displaced to the leftas 'hereinbei'ore described, the port I I8 is closed by passage of the cylindrical portion I2I of the valve element the'reo'ver, and the conduit 99'is vented to the atmosphere by the uncovering of the vent port-I18. A similar vent port I19, which in the position of the'valve'ele-' ment illustrated in Figure 4 serves to place the port I I0 and the conduit 99in communication with the atmosphere, is closed by this movement of the valve element, and the port I I 5, communicating with the air supply conduit 3, is placed in communication through the portI I0 with the conduit 98, air passing about the reduced portion I24 of the valve element.- Air under pressure is thereby admitted through the conduit 98 tothe upper end of the cylinder 49 and the piston SI moves downwardly to engage the chamfering tool H and the cutting tools 95'with the gear '33, pressure being applied to a sufficient extentto ensure proper meshing engagement of the tool teeth 86 with the teeth of the gear 33. The tool H is accordingly rolled on and-by the gear 33 and the chamfering and burring action hereinbefore described is effected. While this operation is being performed,"the tool support and the hob carried thereby continue their movement and the abutment I 15 effects further displacement of the member I50 and the pawl I40 toward the right as viewed in Figures 4 and '1. During this movement the inclined surface I13 of the pawl rides over the abutment constituted by the bolt I10, the pawl being thereby depressed, swinging downwardly about'the pin I58 as indicated in Figure 10. This downward movement of the pawl continues until the toe I4I of, the pawl clears the toe I39 of the lever I34, when the valve element I05 is released for displacement to theright as viewed in Figure 4 by the action of the spring I30, the ports IIIand II 3 being thus placed in communication to supply air under pressure through the conduit 99 to the lower end of the cylinder, the upper end of the. cylinder ,being evacuated through the conduit. 98 by reason of the communication afiorded between the ports no and H9. The member 53 and the chamfering and cutting tools carried thereby are accordingly withdrawn from engagementwith the gear 33 into the inoperative position.

Theoperation of forming and finishing the gear 33 is now completed, the gear may be removed from the machine, and the carriage 35, the tool support, and the hob 40 may be displaced toward the right as viewed in Figure 1 in readiness for operationon another gear, the coil spring I64 effecting return of the member I 50 and the pawl I40 to the positions in which ,they are shown in Figure 4. In order to prevent retardation of the movement of the valve element I06, vent passages I80 may be provided in the valve casing I00 for communication with either side of the flange I21 of the valve element.

It will be appreciated that the instants at which air is admitted to eitherend oi the cylinder 49 may be varied over fairly wide limits but that it isipss iti "tr;aecurateiy credetermineihe period oi engagement of the *ha'mfe'rin'g tool with thegearbeing finished by proper regulation of the e'lnients of'the controlling mechanism. Thus as 5.1 fiereiribeforeexplained, the member 1 50 may be "isplaeedfeit'her to the right or lib-the le'ftfa's t may be threaded into" or {out bfthe boss in V l pawl-H le ter-[38, W t the snamrer'mg tool i'i's withdrawn from f'the gear ct finishedg'ifhi clustercompr'ising the gears '32 and 1 .w v

The shaft l84 is also operat'ively connected thrtiughispur gears "IS'IL'Which arecontinuous'ly In "hing relation, with a double clutch element Wily-a"shaft/[92 extendmgfthrough the clutch element for sliding movementtherein. The shaft IE9; 'carrie's clutch elements .193 and 19 i wines arefpositioned for selective engagement with the double clutch element |9l to effect coupling of either of the. spurgears 1.96 and 1'9! with the 'iiitermeshinggears [9|]. "Wh'en'lthe shaft "IE2 is displaced in "one directionto render the gear 19.1 operative, the latter moved into-Y engagement with-"a cooperathig gear 193 on a shaft 120B. is'when the shaft I92 is moved'ini'th'e opposite dirgtionto reniierthe gearj'IQE operative, the lat-- .ter is. concurrentlyim'oved 'intomeshing engagementwith fasec'ond 'cooperating spur gear Zill of lar er diameter on the shaft 200. The arrangement thus 'p'rovidesffor' the selection .of two differemsp'eedratios fol driving the shaft 201']. Other 'fiy'pesijof c ianse speed {gearing may of course 'be substituted forfthatillustratedh LThe shaft 200 l is operatively connected through 5:)? beveled fgear'ingfi'll' l withlasha'ft $285, the latter hingloperativly connected with the lead screw 2.0'6Ythroug'h a train tof spurHgearing indicated: generally ati2ii1. JA/nut 209 engaging the lead screw 2'06 serves to enact "displacement of the 521 carriage .357 on the bed-and thereby :to .feed the hob"!!! 'intoland across the gear blank.

'II'The rshaft 2'05"is also connected through a train of beveled gearing 2 :with a shaft -2 52 which in turn'drives a shaft 2 through alspur gear reducing'train '2l 5, the shaft "2i l.-}serving as a support on when 'thelhob lil ismounted. V

T 'I'he beveled gearing '2 H l comprising a i driving gear 2!], an-idlergear 2H8, and a drivengear 2Y9, and the spur-gearing train 21-5 which couoles the shaft 2 l 2 to the holo 38 are all carried 'tfiy land movable with the carriage 35, the-gear 21-1 having a splinedloonnection- 223 with the shaft- 285. In this manner displacement of the carriageand the hob during feeding of the lat ter ispermitted without interrupting the driving train,- The hob 4B isg-similarly splined on the shaft-. 215 whereby adjustment of the bearing blocks "3"| on the carriage 35 inithe direction of th'elhobaxisrto correctly position the-hob may be 2?; eflectefi, It w11l "he appreciated; that &the as Viewed -"in su e c vary the tiine (if initiation o 'he'chanrfering operation. Similarly the bolt e instantat j which the ftoe ll! or "the; Hue-released {from the toe-1| 390? the accordingly the instant atWh'ich,

tailed'construction of this gearing forms no part of the present invention, it-being only necessary to ensure the proper timed relation between the rotational movement df the hob on its own axis, the translational movement of the'hob; and "the rotational movement or the gear 33 during the hobbing operation.

Figures 'l4to'l-7 inclusive illustrate a'modified' form ofitool which "is 'in some respects an improvern'ent on that heretofore described although functioning in a generally similar manner. IAs shown more particularly "in Figure 1''? the tool may be mounted on the cylindrical p'ortion'lll oi" the stud $9 and is retained in 'position thereon byth'eco'llar l5 in the constructionheretofore described The hub portion 225 of the tool re-- ceives hardened annular elements '226 and'fiZ-l which are provided with toothed peripheralportions as indicated at'2'28 and229. 'One of the annular elements, for instance the element 225, is secured on the hub 225 of the tool against ro taticn with respect thereto, for instance by means of a key'23fi. The other annular element is supported on the hub 225ior-rotative adjustment with respect thereto. The means for effecting this adjustment may assume various forms and the details thereof form no essential part of the present invention. V

For example, the element 221 may be ape tured as indicated at 232 and an axially directed lug formed on the radially extending portion 235 of the hub 225 may extend outwardly into the aperture 232. The 'element'22l may be. further recessed as indicated at 23? at points on each side of and spaced from the aperturetfli, leaving the axially directed ribs 'fiidwhich are threaded to receive bolts 2353, the heads of these bolts lying within the recesses 23! and. being ac cssibl'e'with a tool, and theends'of the bolts engaging the lug It is apparentthat by adjustment of the bolts 239, the annular element 22 may be rotativelyor angularly adjusted on the 111110925 of the'tool and securely retained in any 'desired position of adjustment.

teeth formed-on the peripheral portions 228 and 229 of the annular elements are ar ranged to engage with the 'ends of the teeth of the geartfi, but are not constructed for meshing engagement with the latter, .ie nature of tile engagement being illustrated more particularly in :Figure 16. 'Thus each of the tool teeth are bevelled-or chamfered asindicated ati' lfi so as to engage and apply generally circumferential pressure to the opposite ends of the teeth of the gear '33 as the tool andt'he gear are rotated'together in operative" relation, and the acute angled portions atthe ends of the gear teeth are do formed and flattenecLinetal being displaced iaterally with re'sultan't formation of projections H2 at the ends of thegear-"teeth which'niay -be removed by cutting elements suoh'as shown more particularlyin "Figure 5. In general the working surfaces 2% "of the tool teeth "are substantially flat and define planes approximately normal to the pitch circles'of rthe'tooth'ed portions. The thickness of the teeth of the toothed portions is substantiallyless than .therspaces between aclja cent gear teeth so that the desired adjustment can be effected without difli'culty. Y

.It will be observed that the extent to'which deformation or flattening '0f"the;gear teeth *ends is carried out may heivariediin this formof "the invention by 'relative'rotative adjustment'of the annular elements 221' and 2263and the shape of the finished gear teeth may thereby "be :con- 7 trolled in accordance with the purpose for which the gear is to be subsequently used. It will of course be understood that the radially extending portion 235 of the tool hub may be knurled as 1 indicated at 243, this knurled portion serving to remove any burrs from the outer ends of the teeth of the gear 33 and to limit the extent to which the tool is moved toward and into opera tiveengagement with the gear. It is apparent that with this form of construction careful cutting of the toothed portions of the tool to establish proper meshing relation with the gear is unncessary and the expense of producing the tool may be correspondingly reduced. Furthermore, as wear occurs the two toothed elements of the tool may be relatively adjusted to the extent necessary to" ensure correct chamfering of the gear teeth.

It will be understood that the present invention contemplates broadly the application of a timing device to a machine for charnfering gears. While the chamfering machine and timing device are preferably associated with a gear forming or cutting apparatus and are controlled in timed relation with the cutting operation, it is conceivable that under some circumstances a distinctly different type of gear forming device may be employed and that such gear forming device may function wholly independently of the chamfering machine and the timing device therefor. Furthermore, while the form of chamiering and burr removing tools herein illustrated comprise the preferred form of the invention, substitution of other types of tools may be effected. Various other alterations and modifications of the arrangement shown herein are contemplated such as may fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. In apparatus for forming and finishing gears, the combination with means supporting a gear blank for rotation, of means supported for engagement with said blank for forming gear teeth therein, means supported for displacement from an inoperative position to an operative position in engagement with said teeth for chamfering end faces thereof, and mechanism operable automatically in timed relation with said tooth forming means and during a portion of the tooth cutting operation for effecting displacement of said chamfering means to operative position.

2. In apparatus for forming and finishing gears, the combination with means supporting a gear blank for rotation, of means supported for engagement with said blank for forming gear teeth therein, means supported for displacement from an inoperative position to an operative position in engagement with said teeth for chamfering end faces thereof, and mechanism operable automatically in timed relation with said' toothforming means and during a portion of the tooth cutting operation for effective displacement of said chamfering means to operative position, and for thereafter effecting displacement of said chamfering means to inoperative position.

3. In apparatus for forming and finishing gears, the combination with a support for a gear blank, of a tooth forming tool, a support for said tool, means for effecting relative displacement of said supports to feed said tool against said blank, and means for effecting chamfering of the ends of certain of the teeth during a-por- 'for initiating and terminating ends of certain of the'teeth duringaportion; of; 10

the tooth cutting operation, and mechanismgoperable by relative displacement; of said supports; operation of said; chamfering means. -fq 5. In apparatus for forming and finishing 15 gears, the combination with a support for a gear, blank, of a tooth forming tool, a support for, said tool, means for effecting relative displacesment of said supportsto feed said tool against.

said blank, means for efiecting chamferingoigo.

tooth ends mounted for displacement between an inoperative position and an operative posi.-;,' tion in engagement with said blank, and-mech-l, anism operable by displacement of said supports for effecting displacement of said chamferinggg.

means to operative position while said tool is in tooth forming relation with said blank.

6. In apparatus for forming and finishing gearsthe combination with a support for a gear blank, of hobbing means for cutting teeth in 30 said blank, a support for said bobbing means, means for effecting relativefdisplacement of said. supports tofeed said bobbing means against said blank, chamfering and burr removing 'meansi' supported for displacement into an operative pm sition in engagement with said blank, and mach-'1 anism for effecting displacement of said last, named means into operativeposition while said; hobbing means is in cutting position and during, hobbing of said blank. 0 '7. In apparatus for forming and. finishing,

gears, the combination with 9. support for .a;

gear blank, of bobbing means for cutting teethl in said blank, a support for said bobbing meana. means for effecting relative displacement of said 6 supports to feed said hobbing means against said blank, chamfering and burr. removing means supported for displacement into an operative po'- sition in engagement with said blank, and mechanism for effecting displacement of said last 50 named means into operative position while said hobbing means is in operative position and dur-' ing hobbing of said blank, said mechanism being operable in response to relative movement 01' said supports. v 55 8. In apparatus for forming and finishing gears, the combination with a support for a. gear blank, of hobbing means for cutting teeth in said blank, a support for said hobbingmeans, means for effecting relative displacement of said supports to feed said hobbing means against I said blank, chamfering and burr removing means supported for displacement into an operative position in engagement with said blank, and mechanism for eifecting displacement of said last named means intooperative position whilel from an inoperative position to an operative position in engagement with said teeth for chamfering end faces thereof, mechanism operable automatically in timed relation with said tooth forming means for effecting displacement of said chamfering means to operative position while said tooth forming means are in cutting engagement with said blank, and an adjustable device for controlling the initiation of operation of said mechanism to vary said timed relation.

10. In apparatus for forming and finishing gears, the combination with means supporting a gear blank for rotation, of means supported for engagement with said blank for forming gear teeth therein, means supported for displacement from an inoperative position to an operative position in engagement with said teeth for chamfering end faces thereof, mechanism operable automatically in timed relation with said tooth forming means for effecting displacement of said chamfering means to operative position while said tooth forming means are in cutting engagement with said blank, and for thereafter eifecting displacement of said chamfering means to inoperative position, and means for effecting adjustment of said mechanism to independently vary the instant of displacement of said chamfering means to operative position and from operative position.

11. In apparatus for forming and finishing operation.

gears, the combination with a support for a gear blank, of a tooth forming tool, a support for said tool, means for effecting relative displacement of said supports to feed said tool against said blank, means for effecting chamfering of tooth ends, mechanism operable by relativedisplacement of said supports for initiating and terminating operation of said ohamfering means, and manually adjustable means associated with said mechanism to independently vary the instants of initiation and termination of operation of said chamfering means with reference to the extent of relative displacement of said supports.

12. In apparatus for forming and finishing gears, the combination with means supporting a gear blank, of means supported for engagement with said blank for forming gear teeth therein, means supported for displacement from an inoperative position to an operative position in engagement with said teeth for chamfering end faces thereof, and mechanism for effecting displacement of said chamfering means into operative position in engagement with said teeth and for continuously and concurrently maintaining engagement of both said chamfering means and said forming means with said blank during at least a part of the tooth forming HARRY L. BARTECR. JOHN M. CHRISTM'AN. 

